The formation of a callus is caused by an accumulation of dead skin cells that harden and thicken over an area of the foot. This formation is the body's defence mechanism to protect the foot against excessive friction or pressure. Calluses are normally found on the ball-of-the-foot, the heel, and/or the inside of the big toe.
Calluses develop because of excessive pressure at a specific area of the foot. Some common causes of this formation are: high-heeled dress shoes; shoes that are too small; obesity; abnormalities in the gait cycle (walking motion); flat feet; high arched feet; bony prominences and loss of the fat pad on the bottom of the foot.
Calluses can usually be prevented by avoiding friction-causing activities. Most import, wear shoes that fit properly, are activity appropriate, and are kept in good repair.
Soles and heels that wear unevenly may indicate a need for corrective footwear or special insoles. Socks and stockings should not cramp the toes. Women should try not to wear high heeled shoes. Preventing friction and a change in shoe gear is the first treatment needed. Calluses do not usually require medical attention, unless the person suffers from the following: Diabetes mellitus; Poor circulation and other problems that make self-care difficult.
Treatment should begin as soon as an abnormality appears. The first step is to identify and eliminate the source of pressure. Placing moleskin or felt pads over calluses can relieve pressure. It is important to see a doctor if a callus persists.
